Civil society and international agencies such as global alliance for improved nutrition gain, international council for control of iodine deficiency disorders iccidd, micronutrient initiative mi, unicef, world food programme wfp and who have not only acted as important partners for idd control initiatives in the country, but also as vocal advocates for reinstatement of the ban on the scale of noniodized salt. An iodine deficiency disorder causes a major problem of brain damage in human beings and it is a major public health problem in india and worldwide. The major role of iodine in nutrition arises from the importance of thyroid hormones to stimulate cell oxidation. Pdf iodine deficiency disorders idds constitute a significant public health problem globally.
The result of resurvey in some areas has revealed that the prevalence of goiter has not been controlled as desired. This is mainly due to iodinedeficient soils and goitrogens of which the most significant being. National iodine deficiency disorders control program 100% centrally sponsored programme, launched in 1992. Until the 1990s tgp was the recommended indicator for assessing iodine status.
Iodine deficiency is widespread in africa such that without iodine supplementation, almost 90% of the 1012. Therefore, in 1962, government of india launched national goiter control program and in 1992, it is renamed as national iodine deficiency disorders control program. Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders hanoi, 24 august 2006 viet nam has achieved the international goal on elimination of iodine deficiency by 2005 the ministry of health announced today. Proceedings for the national workshop on iodine deficiency disorders in ghana. In practice, this is usually achieved by iodization of salt. Global iodine deficiency disorders prevention day national health.
The most devastating complications of iodine deficiency disorder occur when iodine is deficient during fetal and neonatal growth. Up to 20% of the worlds population live in iodine deficient areas, the majority of these in countries where iodine distribution has not yet been undertaken. These disorders result from a diet low in iodine, which is particularly damaging during early pregnancy because it retards foetal development, especially brain development. India, iodine deficiency disorders, iodized salt, national iodine deficiency disorders control programme, sustainable elimination. In 1992, the national goiter control programme ngcp was renamed as national iodine deficiency disorder control programme niddcp. It is a micronutrient and normally required around 100150 microgram for normal growth and development. It may result in metabolic problems such as goiter, sometimes as an endemic goiter as well as cretinism due to. It is endemic mostly on western mountains and mid hills during 1970s. Approximately 30% of the worlds population remains at risk for iodine deficiency. After age 10 years, the prevalence of goiter is higher in girls than boys in areas of iodine deficiency. It was during 1973 government of nepal and ministry of health and population adopted a policy to fortify all edible common salt with iodine.
The nomenclature of the ngcp was redesigned in 1992 as national iodine deficiency disorder control programme niddcp to emphasize on the wider implication of iodine deficiency. These disorders result from a diet low in iodine, which is particularly damaging during early pregnancy because it retards foetal development, especially brain development, causing a range of intellectual, motor and hearing deficits. Patients of any age can be affected by iodine deficiency. Knowledge attitude and practice on iodine deficiency. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme. Therefore, in 1962, government of india launched national goiter control program and in 1992, it is. In developing countries, iodine deficiency has been identified as one of the modifiable factors that have an adverse effect on child development. Since 2009, australia has implemented a mandatory iodine fortification programme in response to the re. The consequence of iodine deficiency during pregnancy is impaired synthesis of thyroid hormones by the mother and the fetus. Iodine deficiency is rare in the united states today, and this is largely due to the effectiveness of iodization in the general food supply. Correction of iodine deficiency pays huge dividends in improved quality of life, elimination of cretinism and other lesser degrees of neuromotor and cognitive function, improved survival, and so on, but correction programs are not without some undesirable consequences see following section on costs and benefits. Idd control programme in india has been a public health success story.
The prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy. Jun 14, 2017 signs and symptoms of iodine deficiency include. In an area where the extent of idd is unknown, the. Hetzel csiro division of human nutrition, adelaide 5000, south australia, australia disorders resulting from severe iodine deficiency affect more than 400 million people in asia alone. The importance of iodine deficiency disorders idd iodine deficiency, through its effects on the developing brain, has condemned millions of people to a life of few prospects and continued underdevelopment. The most devastating complications of iodine deficiency disorder occur when iodine is deficient during fetal and neonatal. Iodized salt, the preferred method, is easy to produce, administer in physiologic doses, and is cost effective. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders who emro world. The iodine deficiency disorders thyroid disease manager. Iodine deficiency in the fetus is the result of iodine deficiency in the mother. The two major factors responsible for idd are inadequate iodine intake and inadequate iodine. A successful public health programme idd control programme in india has been a public health success story. National iodine deficiency disorders control progr national. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide.
This can cause a visible lump, called a goiter, to form on your neck. An insufficient supply of thyroid hormones to the developing brain may result in neurocognitive impairment 1925. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their. Iodine is an essential micronutrient required daily at 100150 micrograms for normal human growth and development. Iodine deficiency may not result in goitre but it might result in physical and mental retardation. Although the effect of these types of diets on overall nutrition status and certain micronutrients has. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. General english only international council for control of iodine deficiency disorders id united nations childrens fund d this document is intended primarily for managers of national programmes for the. Today, the number of households estimated to be consuming iodized salt has jumped dramatically from 20 percent in 1990 to more than 70 percent. The national iodine deficiency disorder control programme is implemented in the state from 1991 and the state idd cell started functioning from 1. Iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism from voluntary diet. In extreme cases, iodine deficiency can lead to cretinism, a disorder that involves severely stunted physical and mental growth.
National consultancy to support the government in revitalising of the national iodine deficiency disorders programme and implementation of government decree 09 on mandatory food fortification in. Iodine deficiency disorder idd control programme in india. Global iodine deficiency disorders idd prevention day or world iodine. In 1992, the ngcp was renamed as national iodine deficiency disorder control programme niddcp. Iodine is an element that directly affects thyroid gland secretions, which themselves to a great extent control heart action. Unicef has reported that kiwanisraised funds are now at work in more than 89 nations and more than 80 million children in the developing world will be born free of iodine deficiency disorder this year.
Iodine deficiency disorder idd is the most common endocrinopathy in the world and also the most preventable cause of mental retardation. Iodine deficiency disorder idd iodine is an essential constituent of the thyroid hormones. Iodine is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine t3 and essential for the normal growth and development and well being of all humans. National iodine deficiency disease control programme health. Action iodine deficiency disorders control programme. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp. Iodine deficiency disorders vii preface xii in 1994, who produced a document in collaboration with unicef and iccidd entitled indicators for assessing iodine deficiency disorders and their control through salt iodization to provide guidance concerning the use of surveillance indicators for iodine deficiency disorders idd. Iodine deficiency has many adverse effects on growth and development. The important objectives and components of national iodine deficiency disorders control iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp are as follows.
National iodine deficiency disorders control programme introduction. Ppt iodine deficiency disorders powerpoint presentation. To reduce the incidence of idd to less than 10 % among adults 23. We are within the grasping reach of the target of 90 per cent household level coverage of adequately iodized salt of usi. Surveys to assess the magnitude of the iodine deficiency disorders. In august 1992, the national goitre control programme ngcp was renamed as national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp with a view to emphasise wide spectrum disorders caused due to iodine deficiency. General english only international council for control of iodine. All people residing in endemic and non endemic areas for idd. The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders unscn. National iodine deficiency disorders control program.
Declaration of the world summit for children includes goal of virtual elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine t3 and essential for the. Iodine deficiency is the single greatest cause of preventable men. It is the worlds most prevalent, yet easily preventable. Iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination a guide for programme managers second edition whonhd01. Iodine deficiency is a lack of the trace element iodine, an essential nutrient in the diet. But at least 40 countries have significant iodine deficiency without effective control programmes. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. Iodine, iodine metabolism and iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine deficiency disorders are among the most significant public health problems in the world.
Background although the detrimental effects of severe iodine deficiency are well recognised the benefits of correcting mildtomoderate iodine deficiency are uncertain. The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. A landmark study in kangra valley region, himachal. Oct 14, 2017 patients of any age can be affected by iodine deficiency. Biological impact assessment study on salt iodisation. This community based intervention study clearly demonstrated the. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution.
Iodine deficiency is diagnosed across populations and not specifically in individuals. Sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency unicef. Biological impact assessment study on salt iodisation programme in ghana jirapa and bongo sentinel districts. Iodine deficiency disorder idd has been identified all over the world with rd of the world population exposed to the risk of idd. Iodine deficiency, condition in which iodine is insufficient or is not utilized properly. The who global database on iodine deficiency is therefore being revised and updated to reflect the current situation of iodine deficiency worldwide. In an area where the extent of idd is unknown, the problem should. Iodine deficiency disorders iodine is an essential component in thyroid hormone production thyroid hormone regulates basic metabolism. A landmark study in kangra valley region, himachal pradesh was conducted by ramalingaswami and his team from 1956 to 1972 22. Health education create awareness about the consequences of iodine deficiency disorder, specially for high risk groups infants, pregnant and lactating women advise the people to use iodized. The national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp is implemented in order to prevent, control and eliminate these disorders and to provide assistance to the states for setting up idd cell and idd monitoring laboratories for ensuring quality control of iodated salt and for monitoring urinary iodine excretion. Jun 14, 2017 magnitude of problem iodine deficiency disorder is most endemic problem in nepal. Control programmes through fortification of salt with iodine compounds have been implemented, usually following legislation, in more than 50.
Guidelines for a national programme for the control of iodine. Who guidelines for a national programme for the control. Guidelines respond to the alarming prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders in this part of the world, despite the. Recent trends among specific populations of children in the united states include adopting food restrictions, such caseinfree and glutenfree diets. It may result in metabolic problems such as goiter, sometimes as an endemic goiter as well as cretinism due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism, which results in developmental delays and other health problems.
Action iodine deficiency disorders control programme salt. To assess the impact of goitre control measures over a period of time. Iodine deficiency disorders idds include goitre, cretinism, hypothyroidism, abortion. This work is licensed under a creative commons attributionnoncommercialsharealike license. Aug 31, 2012 health education create awareness about the consequences of iodine deficiency disorder, specially for high risk groups infants, pregnant and lactating women advise the people to use iodized salt for household consumption educate the public to eat iodine rich food items like sea fish, kelp, etc and avoid goiterogenic foods. Nutritional iodine deficiency is a geochemical environmental problem. These effects are due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone and are termed iodine deficiency disorders. Pdf national iodine deficiency disorders control programme. Iodine deficiency is a common world health problem.
On a worldwide basis, iodine deficiency is the single most important preventable cause of brain damage. Presents technical and practical guidelines that can help countries in the eastern mediterranean region develop national programmes for the control of iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine iodine deficiency iodine deficiency disorders idd most preventable cause of. Unit 3 micronutrient deficiency control programmes. Correction of iodine deficiency pays huge dividends in improved quality of life, elimination of cretinism and other lesser degrees of neuromotor and cognitive function, improved survival, and so on, but. In august, 1992 the national goitre control programme ngcp was renamed as national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp with a view of wide spectrum of iodine deficiency disorders like mental and physical retardation, deaf mutisim, cretinism, still births, abortions etc. India was one of the first countries in the world to start a public health programme to address iodine deficiency disorders based on salt iodization. Inadequate iodine intake leads to inadequate thyroid hormone production, and all the consequences of iodine deficiency stem from the associated hypothyroidism. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme launch of national goitre control programme, 1962 objectives. Figure 1 shows the infrastructure of a typical national idd elimination programme. National iodine deficiency disorders control program introduction iodine deficiency disorders idds are a worldwide major public health problem. National iodine deficiency disorders control progr.
National iodine deficiency disorder control programme. However, goitre responds slowly to a change in iodine status and today urinary iodine ui preface v preface. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. In india, the entire population is prone to idds due. These effects are due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone and are termed iodinedeficiency disorders. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp introduction. National iodine deficiency disorder control programme dr bagdi, jtdirector dr sdkulkarni, dyd iodine is essential dietary elementrequired for thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency disorders idd control in india ncbi nih. Iodine deficiency disorders idds are a worldwide major public health problem. National iodine deficiency disease control programme.
1541 1539 1194 901 1505 275 1456 1497 580 239 177 1532 118 1455 24 762 183 532 947 793 346 224 841 862 1669 112 78 1475 600 388 1295 318 1391 942 1015 461 706